EDUCATION SYSTEM IN CANADA untuk memenuhi tugas Dr.Dirgantara Wicaksono, M.pd
- ElementaryEducation
Secondaryand Higher Education There are three Tertiary education in Canada, namely primary, secondary and Higher education. Schooling is mandatory in Canada for 10 years and this applies to all provinces. Children start school at the age of 7 years 6atau and must follow the minimum education until age 15 or 16 years, but the combined primary and secondary school education requires that lasted 12 though there are differences between provinces. Limitation of understanding between the school and the "base" (elementary) school and "medium" (secondary) also bervarisi between provinces. In most provinces, the primary school is defined as the first 6 years of education, classes 1 to 6 years old or "grade" and possibly subdivided into secondary school (junior), junior high, and senior high school (senior), SLTA. Quebec has a unique program, yaiitu 5 years at secondary school level (Grades 7 to 11), followed by 2 or 3 years on "college d'enseigmennt general et professional (CEGEP)".
- Preschool
Preschool is usually called "Kindergarten "held in almost all provinces and held at public elementary schools for children age 5 years. Alberta implement pprrogram unique school with the support of the government called "Early Childhood Services" (Schools for small children) who caters to children aged 3.5 years. Its curriculum integrates aspects of education, health, social and recreation.
- Special Education
Since the 1970s there was a trend already unntuk integrate "students with special needs" (Special Needs Students) into regular classes. It requires adjustments are quite heavy in terms of curriculum and teacher education because so many variations of groups of students who are included in this category. It also includes kelommpok child physically handicapped and who have barriers to learning, as well as children who have academic needs special (gifted) which is usually directed into programs acceleration or enrichment.
- Education Vocational, Technical, and Business
Preparation skills and vocational or vocational increasingly important role in the high schools in the 1980s, although the previous system to direct students on vocational programs in children aged 14 years are not eliminated. The aim is to give young people skills that are more general in nature, biased transferred or diverted, and thus they are more likely to function in society and the labor market that demands flexibility in the face of technological change very quickly.
- Education Adult and Non-formal Education
Continuing education after interrupted in the middle of the road, is an important element in Canada, and more than 3 million Canadians enrolled in programs of adult education each year. Lectures given by various institutions, including the boards of education, office of the provincial departments of education, universities and academies. Similar programs are also diponsori and organized by non-profit organizations (nonprofit), professional organizations, government offices, business and industrial institutions.
- Management Education
Seen From Structural Aspects, Canadian Education System Evolving Toward More Decentralization. Each province has the education department headed by a minister and was a member cabinet chosen. And in the case of two theories: Yukon and Northwest, led by a member of the "council" called Councillor. In some provinces, the ministry of higher education itself. While ministers in the Province responsible for overall policy and management system, the task of daily operations are run by a deputy minister along with his staff who have their own employees. Ministerial functions include supervision and inspection of schools at primary and secondary education tinggkat. Making the curriculum and organizational guidelines; publication of curriculum materials; finance; teacher education; Rulemaking for the board of education and teachers; and the provision of educational support facilities such as libraries, health and transport.
- Funding of Education
In the period of educational expansion of the 1960s, education spending increased by 15-20% per year, to absorb the funds more than 22% of government expenditure and 8.6% of General Domestic Product / GDP. From 1983-84 to 1993-94, spending increased by 84%, with an average increase of 6.3% pertahunn. Basic education and menngah absorb 65% of the total. More than 90% of education funding comes from the government and selebihjya sourced from private individual such as tuition, donations, and investment returns. In general, the financing of basic education and is the sole jwab menngah municipalities through taxes that fund most of the cost of education.
About two-thirds of Canada's GDP is generated from the service sector, and three out of four Canadians have jobs related to services. GDP per capita in the country has put Canada on 10 egara the top in terms of purchasing power. Perekeonomian kanda driven by trade with the United States, and its domestic market is also strong. The United States is Canada's largest trading partner, which describes 86% of the country's exports dab 74% of its imports.
In Canada, education is the responsibility of the provincial government where the local government / city (district) as a unit of administrative and policy-making. The changes that occur in schools country d Edmonton Alberta initiative was described as a model of school-Site decition Making. Model that is the national and international spotlight which is now becoming a model everywhere.
- Curriculum
In each of the provinces there is a school board that oversees the education and implementation of educational programs. Education is mandatory for pendudu Canada until the age of 16 years in all provinces in Canada, except for Ontario and New Brunswick, where the compulsory age to 18 years. In some provinces there are some exceptions to not be required to continue education at the age of 14 years shall be granted in certain circumstances.
Canada requiring schools for 190 days a year, officially begins in September (after Labor Day) until the end of June. The curriculum also often revised. Its curriculum (primary and secondary education) covers the areas of math, science, language and social sciences (history and geography). The curriculum is now entering a computer, creative thinking, independent learning and environmental education. Four core curriculum in Canada are:
- Education about social objectives, the goals of the public, costs, benefits and ethics of citizenship to allow one to assess the state of its actions,
- the capacity to analyze one's own identity through the study of the environment, religion, philosophy and literature.
- Some practices in the negotiations the real world, on the psychology of consultation and the form of leadership in the knowledge environment,
- global perspective and an attitude of personal responsibility for the results of the public about life in umu.
- Testing System
Progress continues to be the benchmark elementary school. At the elementary school level secondary credit system is mandatory, and the increase in class dilaknasakan based on subjects, not based on the "Grade" or class. In general policy of open access terhdapa secondary education in Canada can be summarized as follows: although there is no increase automatic grade, the school curriculum giving lessons at various levels and thus, the ability of different children can be accommodated on most systems, the exam is prepared and assessed at the local level .
However, in some provinces, such as British Columbia, Alberta, and Quebec (also territories Northwest and Yukon who generally follow the programs of Alberta and British Columbia) final exam to get a diploma for certain subjects are made centrally by the department of education.
- Issues -Isu and Education Reform
standardized assessment leading to a standardized system of teaching, in the absence of sound and -minimal- new knowledge created by students and teachers is a problem of education system in the Canadian province. Ministry of education in Alberta is trying to address this issue in order to connect the globalization of standardization. Violence is no longer a problem in schools Canada, hitting children has become illegal act since the 1970s, the education system in Canada experienced a massive reform in the years 1960s and early 1970s. Concepts such as learning premises strategy "Child-centered", "continuous progress", "team teaching", "discovery method", "open plan school", and "audiovisual aids" came into use, sometimes ignoring due as a result of the outcome, or mendabaikan education teachers. School program consists of a variety of mandatory subjects and textbooks prescribed by the provincial education department also experienced changes and modifications quite segnifikan and many new programs were introduced
REFERENCES
Agustiar Shah Nur, Comparative education system 15 Countries, Bandung: Lubuk Agung, 2001 2. Nurkolis, School Based Management, Jakarta: Grasindo 2003 3. Benjamin A. Kranc & Karina Roman, Live and Work in Canada, Hoe To Books, Ltd., Oxford, UK 2009 4. http: // hadiriantoje .blogspot.co.id / 2012/04 / civic-education-on-canada.html 5. http://zanksantri.blogspot.co.id/2014/02/sistem-pendidikan-di-negara-kanada-dan. html.
